ABSTRACT
From early 2017 to early 2021, Donald J. Trump's disengagement of the United States from international institutions, later amplified by the pressures of the COVID-19 pandemic, produced a weakening of multilateralism at the global level. The overlapping leadership of Narendra Modi diverged on the issue of multilateralism, producing a dynamic of US retreat and redoubled Indian efforts at reform. Despite their common recourse to populism in their respective countries, the United States and India present disparate cases of how populist leaders engage with multilateralism. Trump prioritized national sovereignty and framed international institutions as an imposition on US freedoms, while Modi envisioned international institutions as an avenue through which to remake multilateralism, elevate India's reputation, and reap domestic political dividends. Trump's protectionist and inward-looking policy narratives appealed to communities disadvantaged materially and socially by hyperglobalisation and financial crisis, while Modi's efforts at elevating India's profile and engagement in multilateral forums resonated with long-standing elite desires for India to enact leadership in global governance. They drew popular support, too. Finally, China's rising global influence encouraged India to increase its own influence within existing multilateral institutions and develop new avenues of multilateral action, while Trump's nationalist response was to turn away, and inward. © 2023 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has provoked an enormous impact around the world. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of self-medication for the prevention of COVID-19 during 2020 in a sample of university students from the northeast of Mexico. An electronic survey composed of two sections was used;the first section collects sociodemographic information, and the second section information related to self-medication for prevention of COVID-19. A total of 284 students responded to the survey, 26% reports having self-medicated to prevent COVID-19, and 34.5% reports having a family member that self-medicated to prevent COVID-19 infection. The main products used to prevent infection were vitamins, NSAIDs, and herbal products. It is concluded that, in 2021, a significant percentage of university students in north-eastern Mexico reported self-medication to prevent COVID-19 infection.
ABSTRACT
Objective. To evaluate the operative capacity of nine serological rapid tests to detect the IgM/IgG antibodies response in serum from patients with SARS-CoV-2 in different clinical stages. Methods. A cross-sectional study of serological rapid tests was designed to compare the performance of the evaluated immunochromatographic tests for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. A total of 293 samples was used, including negatives, asymptomatic, and symptomatic serum samples. Results. The sensitivity of the evaluated tests was low and moderate in the groups of asymptomatic serum samples and the group of serums coming from patients with less than 11 days since the onset of the symptoms. The specificity for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies tests ranged between 86.5%-99% for IgM and 86.5%-99.5% for IgG. The sensitivity and the likelihood ratio were different according to the study groups. The usefulness of these tests is restricted to symptomatic patients and their sensitivity is greater than 85% after 11 days from the appearance of symptoms. Conclusions. Serological tests are not an adequate strategy for the identification of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic patients. Serological rapid tests for the detection of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can be used as a diagnostic aid, but diagnosis must be confirmed by RT-PCR. Rapid tests should be reserved for patients with symptoms lasting more than 11 days.
ABSTRACT
This study provides the investigation of the safety-first model on the airlines and cruise ship companies listed in the NASDAQ Market. The researchers collected 701 historical data within these companies to estimate the future returns. Applying the SF model to conduct backtesting on the 200 trading covering days before and during the pandemic COVID-19. The study shows that having different parameters set by the researchers to consider from an investor who is most brave and most cautious, no portfolio gave good results compared to the benchmark market. The result section shows the summary wherein the results of these portfolios underperformed the market. This paper contributes with results and analysis on the tourism industry under the NASDAQ during the health crisis. © 2021 ACM.